Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Czechia's petrol supply was 214 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (22%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (25%), Kazakhstan (20%) and Norway (18%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan53 kt (est. 25%)Kazakhstan43 kt (est. 20%)Norway38 kt (est. 18%)Saudi Arabia16 kt (est. 7%)Libya8.3 kt (est. 4%)United States6.5 kt (est. 3%)Russia5.4 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 8%)Czechia: crude not from imports20 kt (9%)Germany: crude origin not reported3.9 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.8 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)145 kt (68%)Germany48 kt (22%)Austria13 kt (6%)Slovakia7.0 kt (3%)Hungary1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: petrol supply214 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Hungary
- Azerbaijan53 kt (est. 25%)
- Kazakhstan43 kt (est. 20%)
- Norway38 kt (est. 18%)
- Saudi Arabia16 kt (est. 7%)
- Libya8.3 kt (est. 4%)
- United States6.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Russia5.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 8%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports20 kt (9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported3.9 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 145,000 | 67.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 48,000 | 22.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 13,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 50,596 | 34.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 31,699 | 21.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 29,386 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 20,053 | 13.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 15,093 | 31.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 13,266 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,262 | 55.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 6,784 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 6,651 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 6,641 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 6,497 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 4,699 | 67.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3,946 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,858 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,549 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,526 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 1,108 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 1,015 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 975 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 869 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 713 | 71.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 564 | 4.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 456 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 264 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 241 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 156 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 130 | 13.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (20,053 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (3,946 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,802 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.