Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 37 kt: 57% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (35%) and Belgium (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (22%), Kazakhstan (19%) and Norway (17%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan8.1 kt (est. 22%)Kazakhstan7.0 kt (est. 19%)Norway6.2 kt (est. 17%)Saudi Arabia3.5 kt (est. 10%)Libya2.1 kt (est. 6%)United States2.0 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom1.3 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins3.2 kt (est. 9%)Czechia: crude not from imports1.9 kt (5%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)21 kt (57%)Germany13 kt (35%)Belgium2.0 kt (5%)Austria1.0 kt (3%)Czechia: jet fuel supply37 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Belgium
- Austria
- Azerbaijan8.1 kt (est. 22%)
- Kazakhstan7.0 kt (est. 19%)
- Norway6.2 kt (est. 17%)
- Saudi Arabia3.5 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya2.1 kt (est. 6%)
- United States2.0 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom1.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins3.2 kt (est. 9%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports1.9 kt (5%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 21,000 | 56.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 13,000 | 35.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,850 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,225 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,720 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,351 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,367 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,006 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,932 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,877 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,854 | 8.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Germany | 1,732 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,305 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,260 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 714 | 35.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 553 | 55.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 492 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 351 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 275 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 214 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 205 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 144 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 141 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 134 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 102 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 86 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 58 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 33 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 19 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (1,854 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,260 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (264 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (134 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.