Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Czechia's petrol supply was 199 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (23%) and Austria (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (26%), Kazakhstan (21%) and Norway (16%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan52 kt (est. 26%)Kazakhstan41 kt (est. 21%)Norway31 kt (est. 16%)Saudi Arabia24 kt (est. 12%)Libya8.5 kt (est. 4%)United States6.2 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom4.6 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins14 kt (est. 7%)Czechia: crude not from imports12 kt (6%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.4 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)136 kt (68%)Germany45 kt (23%)Austria13 kt (7%)Slovakia4.0 kt (2%)Netherlands1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: petrol supply199 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Netherlands
- Azerbaijan52 kt (est. 26%)
- Kazakhstan41 kt (est. 21%)
- Norway31 kt (est. 16%)
- Saudi Arabia24 kt (est. 12%)
- Libya8.5 kt (est. 4%)
- United States6.2 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom4.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins14 kt (est. 7%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports12 kt (6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.4 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 136,000 | 68.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 45,000 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 13,000 | 6.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 4,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 50,838 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 27,364 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 24,088 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 21,700 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 12,010 | 8.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 8,193 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,186 | 55.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 6,944 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 6,689 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 6,496 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 5,997 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 4,518 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,360 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,265 | 81.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,872 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,832 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,112 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 750 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 739 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 711 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 402 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 352 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 333 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 265 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 248 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 223 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 180 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 147 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 85 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 65 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 36 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (12,010 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,360 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,497 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (65 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.