Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Czechia's road diesel supply was 534 kt: 53% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (40%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (20%), Norway (18%) and Kazakhstan (18%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan105 kt (est. 20%)Norway97 kt (est. 18%)Kazakhstan95 kt (est. 18%)Saudi Arabia64 kt (est. 12%)Libya34 kt (est. 6%)United States31 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom23 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins48 kt (est. 9%)Germany: crude origin not reported21 kt (4%)Czechia: crude not from imports12 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)285 kt (53%)Germany215 kt (40%)Slovakia16 kt (3%)Austria15 kt (3%)Poland2.0 kt (<1%)Hungary1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: road diesel supply534 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Azerbaijan105 kt (est. 20%)
- Norway97 kt (est. 18%)
- Kazakhstan95 kt (est. 18%)
- Saudi Arabia64 kt (est. 12%)
- Libya34 kt (est. 6%)
- United States31 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom23 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins48 kt (est. 9%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported21 kt (4%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports12 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: road diesel supply | 285,000 | 53.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: road diesel supply | 215,000 | 40.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: road diesel supply | 16,000 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: road diesel supply | 15,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Czechia: road diesel supply | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 99,904 | 35.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 62,072 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 58,569 | 20.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 52,544 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 34,100 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 33,474 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 33,025 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 32,288 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 30,625 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 23,150 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 20,754 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 11,910 | 4.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 11,902 | 74.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 8,993 | 60.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 4,120 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,649 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,611 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 2,435 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,926 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 973 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 940 | 47.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 881 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 816 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 782 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 700 | 70.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 697 | 34.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 351 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 257 | 25.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 146 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 141 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 114 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 81 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 43 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Czechia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 27 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (20,754 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Czechia: crude not from imports (11,910 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (4,278 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.