Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 38 kt: 55% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (34%), Austria (5%) and Belgium (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (20%), Kazakhstan (20%) and Norway (19%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan7.6 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan7.4 kt (est. 20%)Norway7.1 kt (est. 19%)Saudi Arabia4.5 kt (est. 12%)Libya2.2 kt (est. 6%)United States2.2 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom1.4 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins3.1 kt (est. 8%)Germany: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (3%)Czechia: crude not from imports0.9 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)21 kt (55%)Germany13 kt (34%)Austria2.0 kt (5%)Belgium2.0 kt (5%)Czechia: jet fuel supply38 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Belgium
- Azerbaijan7.6 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan7.4 kt (est. 20%)
- Norway7.1 kt (est. 19%)
- Saudi Arabia4.5 kt (est. 12%)
- Libya2.2 kt (est. 6%)
- United States2.2 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom1.4 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins3.1 kt (est. 8%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (3%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports0.9 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 21,000 | 55.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 13,000 | 34.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,361 | 35.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,574 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,316 | 20.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,872 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,062 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,024 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,997 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,952 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,852 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,400 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 1,255 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 1,199 | 60.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 878 | 4.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 794 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 471 | 23.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 348 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 344 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 344 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 257 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 249 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 160 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 130 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 49 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 47 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 47 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 19 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (1,255 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Czechia: crude not from imports (878 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (207 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.