Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2025, Czechia's petrol supply was 199 kt: 67% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (22%) and Austria (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (24%), Kazakhstan (19%) and Norway (18%), and 6% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan48 kt (est. 24%)Kazakhstan38 kt (est. 19%)Norway37 kt (est. 18%)Saudi Arabia30 kt (est. 15%)Libya7.9 kt (est. 4%)United States6.5 kt (est. 3%)Russia5.5 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins15 kt (est. 7%)Czechia: crude not from imports5.6 kt (3%)Germany: crude origin not reported4.2 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)134 kt (67%)Germany44 kt (22%)Austria10 kt (5%)Slovakia9.0 kt (5%)Netherlands1.0 kt (<1%)Poland1.0 kt (<1%)Czechia: petrol supply199 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Azerbaijan48 kt (est. 24%)
- Kazakhstan38 kt (est. 19%)
- Norway37 kt (est. 18%)
- Saudi Arabia30 kt (est. 15%)
- Libya7.9 kt (est. 4%)
- United States6.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Russia5.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins15 kt (est. 7%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports5.6 kt (3%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported4.2 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: petrol supply | 134,000 | 67.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: petrol supply | 44,000 | 22.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: petrol supply | 10,000 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: petrol supply | 9,000 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Poland | Czechia: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 46,972 | 35.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 29,185 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 27,538 | 20.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 24,705 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 11,480 | 26.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 6,979 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 6,850 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 6,608 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 6,267 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 5,995 | 60.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 5,600 | 4.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 5,512 | 61.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 4,247 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,741 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 1,370 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,284 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,183 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 843 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 649 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 542 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 495 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 470 | 47.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 440 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 365 | 36.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 348 | 34.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 245 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 234 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 179 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 167 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 145 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 97 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 97 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 71 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 58 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Poland | 14 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's petrol to Czechia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 8 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Czechia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-10 to 2025-12. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of petrol in 2025-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-10 to 2025-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (5,600 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude origin not reported (4,247 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,342 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (58 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.