Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 36 kt: 67% from its own refineries, with imports from Germany (28%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (26%), Norway (25%) and Kazakhstan (15%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan9.2 kt (est. 26%)Norway9.0 kt (est. 25%)Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 15%)Saudi Arabia4.9 kt (est. 14%)Libya1.9 kt (est. 5%)United States1.6 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom1.1 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 6%)Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)24 kt (67%)Germany10 kt (28%)Austria2.0 kt (6%)Czechia: jet fuel supply36 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Austria
- Azerbaijan9.2 kt (est. 26%)
- Norway9.0 kt (est. 25%)
- Kazakhstan5.4 kt (est. 15%)
- Saudi Arabia4.9 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya1.9 kt (est. 5%)
- United States1.6 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom1.1 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins2.0 kt (est. 6%)
- Germany: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 24,000 | 66.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 10,000 | 27.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 9,096 | 37.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 7,250 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,762 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 2,893 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,733 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,610 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,577 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,551 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,524 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,019 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 880 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude origin not reported | Germany | 658 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 397 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 332 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 165 | 8.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 152 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 138 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 105 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 88 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 38 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 32 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's jet fuel to Czechia split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude origin not reported (658 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (317 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.