Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2026, Czechia's jet fuel supply was 49 kt: 51% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (43%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (20%), Kazakhstan (13%) and Norway (13%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia9.7 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan6.3 kt (est. 13%)Norway6.3 kt (est. 13%)Azerbaijan5.6 kt (est. 11%)United States5.1 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom2.5 kt (est. 5%)Libya2.0 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins6.2 kt (est. 13%)Czechia: crude not from imports4.3 kt (9%)Germany: crude not from imports0.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Czechia (own refineries)25 kt (51%)Germany21 kt (43%)Slovakia2.0 kt (4%)Belgium1.0 kt (2%)Czechia: jet fuel supply49 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Czechia (own refineries)
- Germany
- Slovakia
- Belgium
- Saudi Arabia9.7 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan6.3 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway6.3 kt (est. 13%)
- Azerbaijan5.6 kt (est. 11%)
- United States5.1 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom2.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya2.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins6.2 kt (est. 13%)
- Czechia: crude not from imports4.3 kt (9%)
- Germany: crude not from imports0.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia (own refineries) | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 25,000 | 51.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 21,000 | 42.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 2,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Czechia: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia (own refineries) | 8,948 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia (own refineries) | 5,046 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4,506 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Czechia: crude not from imports | Czechia (own refineries) | 4,316 | 17.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 4,107 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 3,751 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia (own refineries) | 3,303 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,891 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 2,152 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,847 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,743 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia (own refineries) | 1,245 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,014 | 50.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 637 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 557 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 552 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Czechia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia (own refineries) | 398 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 358 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 330 | 16.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 258 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 237 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 229 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 136 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 133 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 97 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 93 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Czechia split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 82 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 15 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 12 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Czechia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-03 to 2026-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 7 | 0.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Czechia’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-03 to 2026-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Czechia: crude not from imports (4,316 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude not from imports (637 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (338 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.