Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Denmark's jet fuel supply was 113 kt: 20% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Mongolia (29%), Benin (25%) and Mauritius (15%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (8%) and Norway (6%), and 84% cannot be traced.
Country
United States9.0 kt (est. 8%)Norway7.2 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom2.2 kt (est. 2%)Mongolia: no crude data33 kt (29%)Benin: no crude data28 kt (25%)Mauritius: no crude data17 kt (15%)Serbia: no crude data12 kt (11%)Denmark: crude not from imports4.6 kt (4%)Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)23 kt (20%)Mongolia33 kt (29%)Benin28 kt (25%)Mauritius17 kt (15%)Serbia12 kt (11%)Imports, origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Denmark: jet fuel supply113 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Mongolia
- Benin
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Mauritius
- Serbia
- Other (1)
- United States9.0 kt (est. 8%)
- Norway7.2 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom2.2 kt (est. 2%)
- Mongolia: no crude data33 kt (29%)
- Benin: no crude data28 kt (25%)
- Mauritius: no crude data17 kt (15%)
- Serbia: no crude data12 kt (11%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports4.6 kt (4%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this jet fuel, an estimate (Jun 2026)
7.2 thousand tonnes
est. 6% of Denmark's jet fuel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported7.2 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Refined in
- Denmark (own refineries)7.2 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolia | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 32,849 | 29.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Benin | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 27,728 | 24.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 22,976 | 20.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Mauritius | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 17,333 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Serbia | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 12,197 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolia: no crude data | Mongolia | 32,849 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Benin: no crude data | Benin | 27,728 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Mauritius: no crude data | Mauritius | 17,333 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Serbia: no crude data | Serbia | 12,197 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 8,959 | 39.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 7,227 | 31.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 4,581 | 19.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 2,209 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Denmark’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Mongolia: no crude data (32,849 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Benin: no crude data (27,728 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Mauritius: no crude data (17,333 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Serbia: no crude data (12,197 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (4,581 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (1 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.