Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2026, Denmark's jet fuel supply was 122 kt: 24% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Ireland (41%), Benin (22%) and Mauritius (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (39%), Norway (9%) and Azerbaijan (7%), and 42% cannot be traced.
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Ireland
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Benin
- Mauritius
- Myanmar
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this jet fuel, an estimate (Jul 2026)
4.1 thousand tonnes
3% of Denmark's jet fuel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Myanmar4.1 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 50,050 | 41.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 29,148 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Benin | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 26,342 | 21.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Mauritius | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 12,483 | 10.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Myanmar | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 4,071 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Ireland | 40,961 | 81.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's jet fuel to Denmark split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Benin: no crude data | Benin | 26,342 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Mauritius: no crude data | Mauritius | 12,483 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 10,783 | 37.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Ireland | 9,089 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's jet fuel to Denmark split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 8,886 | 30.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 6,835 | 23.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Myanmar: no crude data | Myanmar | 4,071 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 2,645 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-07 (latest month that can be drawn, the month its country page shows). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-05 to 2026-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Benin: no crude data (26,342 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Mauritius: no crude data (12,483 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (8,886 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Myanmar: no crude data (4,071 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.