Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2023, Denmark's petrol supply was 212 kt: 83% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (6%) and Sweden (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (24%) and the United States (24%), and 42% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway50 kt (est. 24%)United States50 kt (est. 24%)Algeria9.1 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom5.6 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria1.7 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan1.0 kt (est. <1%)Angola0.8 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins3.4 kt (est. 2%)Denmark: crude not from imports75 kt (35%)United Kingdom: no crude data13 kt (6%)Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)175 kt (83%)United Kingdom13 kt (6%)Sweden12 kt (6%)Belgium7.0 kt (3%)Netherlands4.0 kt (2%)Imports, origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Denmark: petrol supply212 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Sweden
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Other (1)
- Norway50 kt (est. 24%)
- United States50 kt (est. 24%)
- Algeria9.1 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom5.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan1.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Angola0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins3.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports75 kt (35%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data13 kt (6%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 175,000 | 82.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 13,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 5.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 4,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Denmark: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 74,739 | 42.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 47,569 | 27.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 40,617 | 23.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 13,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Algeria | Denmark (own refineries) | 9,056 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 7,664 | 63.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 3,019 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 2,160 | 30.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,462 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,391 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 1,279 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,021 | 25.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| United States | Netherlands | 944 | 23.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 883 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 757 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 748 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 719 | 10.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 666 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 490 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Belgium | 433 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 403 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 390 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Angola | Sweden | 369 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 260 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 230 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 225 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 221 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 197 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Netherlands | 46 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 46 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2023-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-05 to 2023-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (74,739 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (13,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (614 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (403 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Imports, origin not reported (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.