Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, Denmark's petrol supply was 215 kt: 91% from its own refineries, with imports from Sweden (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (29%), Norway (18%) and the United Kingdom (12%), and 40% cannot be traced.
Country
United States63 kt (est. 29%)Norway40 kt (est. 18%)United Kingdom27 kt (est. 12%)Nigeria0.6 kt (est. <1%)Libya0.3 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports76 kt (35%)Denmark: crude origin not reported9.4 kt (4%)Denmark (own refineries)196 kt (91%)Sweden19 kt (9%)Denmark: petrol supply215 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 196,000 | 91.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 19,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 75,598 | 38.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 59,345 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 27,801 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 23,845 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 11,935 | 62.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude origin not reported | Denmark (own refineries) | 9,410 | 4.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Sweden | 3,173 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,983 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 583 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 327 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-08 to 2023-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2023-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-08 to 2023-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (75,598 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Denmark: crude origin not reported (9,410 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.