Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2023, Denmark's petrol supply was 205 kt: 84% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (36%), Norway (15%) and the United Kingdom (8%), and 39% cannot be traced.
Country
United States73 kt (est. 36%)Norway31 kt (est. 15%)United Kingdom16 kt (est. 8%)Nigeria1.7 kt (est. <1%)Brazil1.0 kt (est. <1%)Iraq0.9 kt (est. <1%)Libya0.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.0 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports63 kt (31%)United Kingdom: no crude data8.0 kt (4%)Denmark: crude origin not reported7.7 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)172 kt (84%)Sweden12 kt (6%)Netherlands8.0 kt (4%)United Kingdom8.0 kt (4%)Finland5.0 kt (2%)Denmark: petrol supply205 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- Netherlands
- Finland
- United States73 kt (est. 36%)
- Norway31 kt (est. 15%)
- United Kingdom16 kt (est. 8%)
- Nigeria1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil1.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports63 kt (31%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data8.0 kt (4%)
- Denmark: crude origin not reported7.7 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 172,000 | 83.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 5.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 8,000 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 8,000 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Denmark: petrol supply | 5,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 69,538 | 40.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 62,689 | 36.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 19,492 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 12,555 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 8,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark: crude origin not reported | Denmark (own refineries) | 7,726 | 4.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Sweden | 7,115 | 59.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 3,677 | 73.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Denmark split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 2,222 | 27.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,129 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1,264 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,021 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 985 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 941 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 918 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 871 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 835 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 652 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 539 | 10.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Sweden | 509 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 427 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Denmark split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 390 | 4.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 205 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Denmark split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Finland | 152 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Denmark split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Sweden | 147 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2023-09 to 2023-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2023-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2023-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-09 to 2023-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (62,689 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (8,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude origin not reported (7,726 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (539 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (390 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.