Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Denmark's jet fuel supply was 87 kt: 11% from its own refineries, with imports from Malaysia (39%), Kuwait (38%) and Norway (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (6%), and 92% cannot be traced.
Country
United States5.3 kt (est. 6%)Norway0.7 kt (est. <1%)United Kingdom0.6 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria0.6 kt (est. <1%)Malaysia: no crude data34 kt (39%)Kuwait: no crude data33 kt (38%)Norway: no crude data10 kt (11%)Denmark: crude not from imports2.9 kt (3%)Denmark (own refineries)10 kt (11%)Malaysia34 kt (39%)Kuwait33 kt (38%)Norway10 kt (11%)Denmark: jet fuel supply87 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Malaysia
- Kuwait
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Norway
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaysia | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 34,000 | 39.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 33,000 | 37.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 10,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Norway | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 10,000 | 11.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaysia: no crude data | Malaysia | 34,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 33,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 10,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 5,291 | 52.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 2,902 | 29.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 680 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 566 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Denmark (own refineries) | 561 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Malaysia: no crude data (34,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Kuwait: no crude data (33,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Norway: no crude data (10,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (2,902 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.