Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, Denmark's petrol supply was 178 kt: 84% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (48%) and Norway (11%), and 37% cannot be traced.
Country
United States85 kt (est. 48%)Norway19 kt (est. 11%)United Kingdom2.7 kt (est. 2%)Nigeria1.5 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia0.9 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.4 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.7 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports58 kt (33%)Norway: no crude data7.0 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)150 kt (84%)Sweden12 kt (7%)Norway7.0 kt (4%)Belgium6.0 kt (3%)Netherlands3.0 kt (2%)Denmark: petrol supply178 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Norway
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- United States85 kt (est. 48%)
- Norway19 kt (est. 11%)
- United Kingdom2.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Nigeria1.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports58 kt (33%)
- Norway: no crude data7.0 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 150,000 | 84.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark: petrol supply | 6,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 3,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 80,517 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 58,190 | 38.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 11,293 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 6,515 | 54.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,102 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 2,007 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,250 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,101 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 902 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 873 | 29.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 837 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 691 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 649 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 450 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 435 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 427 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 372 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 341 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 338 | 2.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 250 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 242 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 238 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 229 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 201 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 190 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 181 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 178 | 5.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2024-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-01 to 2024-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (58,190 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (952 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.