Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Denmark's petrol supply was 189 kt: 68% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (17%) and Sweden (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (41%), Norway (16%) and the United Kingdom (5%), and 27% cannot be traced.
Country
United States78 kt (est. 41%)Norway31 kt (est. 16%)United Kingdom10 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan4.9 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia4.3 kt (est. 2%)Iraq2.6 kt (est. 1%)Nigeria2.6 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 3%)Denmark: crude not from imports38 kt (20%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (4%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)128 kt (68%)Netherlands33 kt (17%)Sweden12 kt (6%)Belgium8.0 kt (4%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (4%)Imports, origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Denmark: petrol supply189 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Sweden
- Belgium
- United Kingdom
- Other (1)
- United States78 kt (est. 41%)
- Norway31 kt (est. 16%)
- United Kingdom10 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan4.9 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia4.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Iraq2.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Nigeria2.6 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports38 kt (20%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (4%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported2.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 128,000 | 67.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 33,000 | 17.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 6.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark: petrol supply | 8,000 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Denmark: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 65,670 | 51.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 38,241 | 29.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 18,365 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 8,858 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 6,507 | 54.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 5,724 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 4,593 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 3,819 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 3,486 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 3,227 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,531 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 2,408 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 2,304 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 2,026 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,881 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,774 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,672 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,451 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,152 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 1,032 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 1,029 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 716 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 682 | 5.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 584 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 476 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 319 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 252 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 220 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (38,241 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (2,531 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,399 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.