Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, Denmark's petrol supply was 173 kt: 83% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (10%) and Belgium (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (37%), Norway (23%) and the United Kingdom (5%), and 30% cannot be traced.
Country
United States64 kt (est. 37%)Norway40 kt (est. 23%)United Kingdom9.0 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan1.7 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia1.4 kt (est. <1%)Libya1.2 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria0.9 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 2%)Denmark: crude not from imports50 kt (29%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)143 kt (83%)Sweden18 kt (10%)Belgium9.0 kt (5%)Netherlands3.0 kt (2%)Denmark: petrol supply173 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- United States64 kt (est. 37%)
- Norway40 kt (est. 23%)
- United Kingdom9.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia1.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Nigeria0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports50 kt (29%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 143,000 | 82.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 18,000 | 10.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark: petrol supply | 9,000 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 3,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 58,034 | 40.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 50,236 | 35.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 28,201 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 9,669 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 6,529 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 3,568 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,119 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 2,063 | 22.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,428 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 1,317 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,293 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 1,160 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 1,090 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 1,046 | 11.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 1,006 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Netherlands | 789 | 26.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 541 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 520 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 433 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 374 | 12.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 273 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 252 | 8.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 244 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 240 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 233 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 162 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 120 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 59 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2024-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-03 to 2024-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (50,236 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,304 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (59 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.