Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2024, Denmark's petrol supply was 211 kt: 83% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (40%) and Norway (17%), and 37% cannot be traced.
Country
United States84 kt (est. 40%)Norway35 kt (est. 17%)Libya8.8 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom2.5 kt (est. 1%)Nigeria1.1 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.7 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports68 kt (32%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.6 kt (1%)Denmark (own refineries)175 kt (83%)Sweden23 kt (11%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (3%)Netherlands6.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply211 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- Netherlands
- United States84 kt (est. 40%)
- Norway35 kt (est. 17%)
- Libya8.8 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom2.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Nigeria1.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports68 kt (32%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.6 kt (1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 175,000 | 82.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 23,000 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 6,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 78,760 | 45.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 67,565 | 38.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 20,623 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 13,727 | 59.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Denmark (own refineries) | 7,955 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Sweden | 3,374 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 2,087 | 9.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,856 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,371 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 961 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 948 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 812 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 809 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 665 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 664 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 575 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 445 | 7.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 335 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 329 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 43 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-05 to 2024-07. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2024-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-05 to 2024-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (67,565 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,631 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.