Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, Denmark's petrol supply was 197 kt: 84% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (42%) and Norway (14%), and 35% cannot be traced.
Country
United States84 kt (est. 42%)Norway27 kt (est. 14%)Libya8.4 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom5.5 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria1.4 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.8 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.1 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports58 kt (29%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.7 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)166 kt (84%)Sweden18 kt (9%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (4%)Belgium6.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply197 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- Belgium
- United States84 kt (est. 42%)
- Norway27 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya8.4 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom5.5 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria1.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports58 kt (29%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.7 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 166,000 | 84.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 18,000 | 9.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark: petrol supply | 6,000 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 81,355 | 49.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 57,771 | 34.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 15,357 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 10,534 | 58.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Denmark (own refineries) | 7,404 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 3,931 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 1,752 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 1,307 | 7.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,210 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1,119 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,098 | 18.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,089 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,050 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 991 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 990 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 835 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 746 | 12.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 480 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 379 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 323 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Denmark (own refineries) | 183 | 0.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 98 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (57,771 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,681 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,307 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.