Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, Denmark's petrol supply was 194 kt: 73% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (7%), Norway (6%) and Germany (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (43%) and Norway (18%), and 30% cannot be traced.
Country
United States84 kt (est. 43%)Norway34 kt (est. 18%)United Kingdom6.4 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan2.5 kt (est. 1%)Libya1.9 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria1.8 kt (est. <1%)Iraq1.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins3.7 kt (est. 2%)Denmark: crude not from imports35 kt (18%)Norway: no crude data12 kt (6%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.2 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)141 kt (73%)Sweden13 kt (7%)Norway12 kt (6%)Germany10 kt (5%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (4%)Belgium6.0 kt (3%)Netherlands5.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply194 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Norway
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- United States84 kt (est. 43%)
- Norway34 kt (est. 18%)
- United Kingdom6.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan2.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya1.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Nigeria1.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins3.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports35 kt (18%)
- Norway: no crude data12 kt (6%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.2 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 141,000 | 72.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 13,000 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Denmark: petrol supply | 10,000 | 5.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark: petrol supply | 6,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 5,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 80,264 | 56.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 35,474 | 25.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 21,320 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 12,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 8,757 | 67.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 3,852 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,787 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Denmark split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 1,594 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Denmark split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,550 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Denmark split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,336 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 1,320 | 10.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,230 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,170 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Denmark split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,096 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Denmark split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,039 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 887 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 859 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 840 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Denmark split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 838 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 823 | 16.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 775 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 757 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 757 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 744 | 12.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 653 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Denmark split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 629 | 6.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 578 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 436 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 434 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 417 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 409 | 8.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 408 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 405 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 385 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to Denmark split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 297 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 291 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 244 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 75 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 70 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 68 | 1.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 34 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 9 | 0.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2024-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-07 to 2024-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (35,474 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (12,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,192 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (444 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.