Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Denmark's petrol supply was 206 kt: 88% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (47%) and Norway (20%), and 26% cannot be traced.
Country
United States97 kt (est. 47%)Norway40 kt (est. 20%)Libya9.6 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom1.6 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria0.7 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.5 kt (est. <1%)Democratic Republic of the Congo0.4 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports45 kt (22%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)181 kt (88%)Sweden12 kt (6%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (3%)Belgium6.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply206 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- Belgium
- United States97 kt (est. 47%)
- Norway40 kt (est. 20%)
- Libya9.6 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom1.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Nigeria0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports45 kt (22%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 181,000 | 87.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark: petrol supply | 6,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 94,765 | 52.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 44,753 | 24.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 32,017 | 17.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Denmark (own refineries) | 9,465 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 7,172 | 59.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 1,925 | 16.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,246 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,216 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1,190 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,062 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 921 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 674 | 11.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 586 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 533 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 464 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 409 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 192 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 179 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 124 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 62 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 44 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (44,753 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,598 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (169 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.