Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Denmark's petrol supply was 234 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (39%) and Norway (14%), and 38% cannot be traced.
Country
United States92 kt (est. 39%)Norway33 kt (est. 14%)Libya9.6 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom2.7 kt (est. 1%)Iraq1.7 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan1.5 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria1.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins3.3 kt (est. 1%)Denmark: crude not from imports79 kt (34%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)Sweden: crude origin not reported2.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)198 kt (85%)Sweden12 kt (5%)Netherlands11 kt (5%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (3%)France6.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply234 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Netherlands
- United Kingdom
- France
- United States92 kt (est. 39%)
- Norway33 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya9.6 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom2.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Iraq1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan1.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Nigeria1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins3.3 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports79 kt (34%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported2.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 198,000 | 84.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 11,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Denmark: petrol supply | 6,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 85,765 | 43.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 78,565 | 39.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 25,094 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Denmark (own refineries) | 8,576 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 5,889 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 3,222 | 29.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 2,543 | 21.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,824 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,652 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 1,591 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Denmark split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,419 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1,418 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 1,385 | 23.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Denmark split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,154 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,124 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 838 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 681 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | France | 649 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Denmark split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 628 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Denmark split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 546 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Denmark split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 481 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Denmark split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France | 460 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Denmark split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 434 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 358 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 238 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 147 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 128 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | France | 125 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Denmark split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 58 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 6 | 0.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (78,565 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (2,543 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (809 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (6 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.