Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2025, Denmark's petrol supply was 203 kt: 84% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Norway (6%) and Sweden (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (27%) and Norway (24%), and 42% cannot be traced.
Country
United States54 kt (est. 27%)Norway49 kt (est. 24%)Türkiye8.4 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom1.6 kt (est. <1%)Guyana1.6 kt (est. <1%)Libya0.8 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.8 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.1 kt (est. 1%)Denmark: crude not from imports69 kt (34%)Norway: no crude data13 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)170 kt (84%)Norway13 kt (6%)Sweden13 kt (6%)Netherlands7.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply203 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Norway
- Sweden
- Netherlands
- United States54 kt (est. 27%)
- Norway49 kt (est. 24%)
- Türkiye8.4 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom1.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Guyana1.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports69 kt (34%)
- Norway: no crude data13 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 170,000 | 83.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 13,000 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 13,000 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 69,203 | 40.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 51,544 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 40,758 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 13,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Türkiye | Denmark (own refineries) | 8,400 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 6,689 | 51.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,835 | 26.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,594 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 1,559 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 1,216 | 9.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,209 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1,006 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 840 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 816 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 782 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 661 | 5.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 530 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 500 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 429 | 6.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 326 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-12 to 2025-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 9 | 0.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2025-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-12 to 2025-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (69,203 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (13,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,741 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (670 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.