Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Denmark's petrol supply was 218 kt: 79% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (11%) and Finland (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (31%), the United States (31%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 25% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway68 kt (est. 31%)United States67 kt (est. 31%)United Kingdom14 kt (est. 7%)Türkiye9.5 kt (est. 4%)Guyana2.9 kt (est. 1%)Libya0.9 kt (est. <1%)Netherlands0.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports42 kt (19%)Norway: no crude data5.0 kt (2%)United Kingdom: no crude data5.0 kt (2%)Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)172 kt (79%)Sweden24 kt (11%)Finland11 kt (5%)Norway5.0 kt (2%)United Kingdom5.0 kt (2%)Imports, origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Denmark: petrol supply218 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Finland
- United Kingdom
- Norway
- Other (1)
- Norway68 kt (est. 31%)
- United States67 kt (est. 31%)
- United Kingdom14 kt (est. 7%)
- Türkiye9.5 kt (est. 4%)
- Guyana2.9 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Netherlands0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports42 kt (19%)
- Norway: no crude data5.0 kt (2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data5.0 kt (2%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 172,000 | 78.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 24,000 | 11.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Denmark: petrol supply | 11,000 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 5,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 5,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Denmark: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 62,243 | 36.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 46,548 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 42,248 | 24.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Sweden | 12,687 | 52.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 11,395 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Türkiye | Denmark (own refineries) | 9,460 | 5.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 9,166 | 83.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Denmark split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 5,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 5,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Sweden | 3,398 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 2,927 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,346 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,387 | 12.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Denmark split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Libya | Sweden | 924 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 601 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 559 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 557 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 447 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Denmark split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (42,248 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (5,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (5,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (559 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (108 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.