Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2025, Denmark's petrol supply was 255 kt: 81% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (7%) and the Netherlands (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (37%), Norway (29%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 23% cannot be traced.
Country
United States96 kt (est. 37%)Norway75 kt (est. 29%)United Kingdom17 kt (est. 7%)Guyana2.1 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan2.0 kt (est. <1%)Iraq1.1 kt (est. <1%)Brazil1.0 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins3.4 kt (est. 1%)Denmark: crude not from imports40 kt (16%)Norway: no crude data10 kt (4%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)206 kt (81%)Sweden19 kt (7%)Netherlands13 kt (5%)Norway10 kt (4%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply255 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Netherlands
- Norway
- United Kingdom
- United States96 kt (est. 37%)
- Norway75 kt (est. 29%)
- United Kingdom17 kt (est. 7%)
- Guyana2.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan2.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq1.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil1.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins3.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports40 kt (16%)
- Norway: no crude data10 kt (4%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.8 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 206,000 | 80.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 19,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 13,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 10,000 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 90,502 | 43.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 62,674 | 30.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 39,772 | 19.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 13,052 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 10,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 9,917 | 52.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,756 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 2,571 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 2,472 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 2,451 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 2,143 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,977 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,935 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,472 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 1,465 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,051 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 780 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 741 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Sweden | 268 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2025-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-03 to 2025-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (39,772 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (10,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (780 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.