Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Denmark's petrol supply was 233 kt: 79% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (8%) and the Netherlands (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (31%) and Norway (24%), and 37% cannot be traced.
Country
United States72 kt (est. 31%)Norway57 kt (est. 24%)United Kingdom8.6 kt (est. 4%)Guyana2.4 kt (est. 1%)Kazakhstan1.7 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria1.3 kt (est. <1%)Iraq1.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins2.5 kt (est. 1%)Denmark: crude not from imports67 kt (29%)Norway: no crude data11 kt (5%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)183 kt (79%)Sweden19 kt (8%)Netherlands13 kt (6%)Norway11 kt (5%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply233 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Netherlands
- Norway
- United Kingdom
- United States72 kt (est. 31%)
- Norway57 kt (est. 24%)
- United Kingdom8.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Guyana2.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Kazakhstan1.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Nigeria1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins2.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports67 kt (29%)
- Norway: no crude data11 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 183,000 | 78.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 19,000 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 13,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 11,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 66,979 | 36.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 66,693 | 36.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 44,557 | 24.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 11,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 10,121 | 53.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 4,771 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 3,001 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 2,539 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 2,352 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,337 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 2,202 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 2,058 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,699 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,495 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 1,156 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,081 | 8.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 772 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 570 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 347 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 272 | 1.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (66,979 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (11,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,081 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (272 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.