Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2025, Denmark's petrol supply was 217 kt: 83% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (6%) and Norway (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (25%), Norway (23%) and the United Kingdom (11%), and 39% cannot be traced.
Country
United States54 kt (est. 25%)Norway50 kt (est. 23%)United Kingdom23 kt (est. 11%)Guyana1.4 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria0.7 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.6 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.2 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports65 kt (30%)Norway: no crude data11 kt (5%)United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)181 kt (83%)Sweden12 kt (6%)Norway11 kt (5%)United Kingdom7.0 kt (3%)Netherlands6.0 kt (3%)Denmark: petrol supply217 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Norway
- United Kingdom
- Netherlands
- United States54 kt (est. 25%)
- Norway50 kt (est. 23%)
- United Kingdom23 kt (est. 11%)
- Guyana1.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Nigeria0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports65 kt (30%)
- Norway: no crude data11 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data7.0 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 181,000 | 83.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 11,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 6,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 65,433 | 36.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 51,425 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 42,946 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 21,197 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 11,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 7,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 6,009 | 50.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1,570 | 13.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 1,422 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 1,355 | 11.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,131 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,072 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,044 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,036 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 851 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 580 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 579 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 440 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 365 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 340 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 209 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-06 to 2025-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2025-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-06 to 2025-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (65,433 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (11,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,355 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (440 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.