Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, Denmark's jet fuel supply was 88 kt: 18% from its own refineries, with imports from the South Korea (58%) and Canada (24%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (5%) and the United States (5%), and 87% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway4.6 kt (est. 5%)United States4.5 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom2.3 kt (est. 3%)South Korea: no crude data51 kt (58%)Canada: no crude data21 kt (24%)Denmark: crude not from imports4.7 kt (5%)Denmark (own refineries)16 kt (18%)South Korea51 kt (58%)Canada21 kt (24%)Denmark: jet fuel supply88 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- South Korea
- Canada
- Denmark (own refineries)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Korea | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 51,000 | 58.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Canada | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 21,000 | 23.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 16,000 | 18.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| South Korea: no crude data | South Korea | 51,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Canada: no crude data | Canada | 21,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 4,688 | 29.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 4,566 | 28.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 4,468 | 27.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 2,279 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of jet fuel in 2025-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-07 to 2025-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- South Korea: no crude data (51,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Canada: no crude data (21,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (4,688 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.