Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, Denmark's petrol supply was 213 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Norway (7%) and Sweden (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (28%), the United States (25%) and the United Kingdom (13%), and 32% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway60 kt (est. 28%)United States53 kt (est. 25%)United Kingdom27 kt (est. 13%)Guyana1.4 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria0.6 kt (est. <1%)Angola0.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports53 kt (25%)Norway: no crude data15 kt (7%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)181 kt (85%)Norway15 kt (7%)Sweden12 kt (6%)Belgium5.0 kt (2%)Denmark: petrol supply213 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Norway
- Sweden
- Belgium
- Norway60 kt (est. 28%)
- United States53 kt (est. 25%)
- United Kingdom27 kt (est. 13%)
- Guyana1.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Nigeria0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Angola0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports53 kt (25%)
- Norway: no crude data15 kt (7%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 181,000 | 85.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 15,000 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 12,000 | 5.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Denmark: petrol supply | 5,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 53,030 | 29.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 51,649 | 28.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 50,544 | 27.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 25,778 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 15,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 7,337 | 61.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1,934 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,181 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 1,153 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,151 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 932 | 18.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 921 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 628 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 396 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 385 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Angola | Belgium | 309 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 227 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 216 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 198 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Denmark split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 33 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2025-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-07 to 2025-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (53,030 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (15,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (385 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (33 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.