Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Denmark's petrol supply was 221 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (38%) and the United States (31%), and 27% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway84 kt (est. 38%)United States70 kt (est. 31%)United Kingdom3.0 kt (est. 1%)Kazakhstan0.8 kt (est. <1%)Iraq0.7 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.6 kt (est. <1%)Netherlands0.5 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.1 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports55 kt (25%)Norway: no crude data4.2 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown0.4 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)187 kt (85%)Sweden21 kt (10%)Netherlands7.8 kt (4%)Norway4.2 kt (2%)Imports, origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Denmark: petrol supply221 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Netherlands
- Norway
- Other (1)
- Norway84 kt (est. 38%)
- United States70 kt (est. 31%)
- United Kingdom3.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Kazakhstan0.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.6 kt (est. <1%)
- Netherlands0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports55 kt (25%)
- Norway: no crude data4.2 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 186,986 | 84.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 21,380 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 7,844 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 4,248 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Denmark: petrol supply | 425 | 0.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 69,974 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 61,999 | 33.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 54,919 | 29.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Sweden | 12,977 | 60.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 5,504 | 25.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 4,248 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,367 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 2,027 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,537 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,126 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 837 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 696 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 607 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 576 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands | Sweden | 533 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 438 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 425 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (54,919 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Norway: no crude data (4,248 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (533 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (425 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (425 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.