Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Denmark's petrol supply was 199 kt: 80% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (40%) and the United States (21%), and 31% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway80 kt (est. 40%)United States42 kt (est. 21%)Netherlands8.5 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom5.6 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan0.2 kt (est. <1%)Iraq0.2 kt (est. <1%)Brazil0.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.5 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports46 kt (23%)United Kingdom: no crude data6.7 kt (3%)Norway: no crude data5.9 kt (3%)Sweden: crude not from imports2.8 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Denmark (own refineries)159 kt (80%)Sweden25 kt (12%)United Kingdom6.7 kt (3%)Norway5.9 kt (3%)Netherlands2.8 kt (1%)Imports, origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Denmark: petrol supply199 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Denmark (own refineries)
- Sweden
- United Kingdom
- Norway
- Netherlands
- Other (1)
- Norway80 kt (est. 40%)
- United States42 kt (est. 21%)
- Netherlands8.5 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom5.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Brazil0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports46 kt (23%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data6.7 kt (3%)
- Norway: no crude data5.9 kt (3%)
- Sweden: crude not from imports2.8 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknownless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: petrol supply | 158,616 | 79.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Denmark: petrol supply | 24,528 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark: petrol supply | 6,671 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Norway | Denmark: petrol supply | 5,918 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Denmark: petrol supply | 2,785 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 65,974 | 41.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 45,581 | 28.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 35,714 | 22.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 13,727 | 56.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands | Denmark (own refineries) | 8,511 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 6,671 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 5,918 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Sweden | 5,461 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 2,836 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's petrol to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude not from imports | Sweden | 2,790 | 11.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 2,550 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Denmark split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 706 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 598 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 458 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 222 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 221 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 202 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 190 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 188 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to Denmark split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 6 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of petrol in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (45,581 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (6,671 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Norway: no crude data (5,918 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Sweden: crude not from imports (2,790 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (202 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (6 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (6 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.