Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Denmark's jet fuel supply was 92 kt: 30% from its own refineries, with imports from Ireland (36%) and Serbia (34%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (37%) and Norway (7%), and 42% cannot be traced.
Country
United States34 kt (est. 37%)Norway6.7 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria4.1 kt (est. 4%)Canada4.1 kt (est. 4%)Netherlands1.7 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom1.4 kt (est. 2%)Germany1.2 kt (est. 1%)Serbia: no crude data31 kt (34%)Denmark: crude not from imports5.4 kt (6%)Ireland: crude not from imports2.4 kt (3%)Denmark (own refineries)27 kt (30%)Ireland33 kt (36%)Serbia31 kt (34%)Denmark: jet fuel supply92 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Ireland
- Serbia
- Denmark (own refineries)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ireland | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 33,413 | 36.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Serbia | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 30,721 | 33.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Denmark (own refineries) | Denmark: jet fuel supply | 27,452 | 30.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serbia: no crude data | Serbia | 30,721 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Ireland | 22,834 | 68.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's jet fuel to Denmark split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark (own refineries) | 10,981 | 40.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark (own refineries) | 6,729 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark (own refineries) | 5,435 | 19.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Ireland | 4,108 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's jet fuel to Denmark split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Ireland | 4,101 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Ireland's jet fuel to Denmark split by Ireland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Ireland: crude not from imports | Ireland | 2,371 | 7.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Netherlands | Denmark (own refineries) | 1,710 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark (own refineries) | 1,401 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany | Denmark (own refineries) | 1,196 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's jet fuel to Denmark split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Denmark’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Serbia: no crude data (30,721 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (5,435 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Ireland: crude not from imports (2,371 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.