Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Estonia's road diesel supply was 84 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (55%), Finland (30%) and Latvia (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (43%), Saudi Arabia (23%) and the United Kingdom (9%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway36 kt (est. 43%)Saudi Arabia19 kt (est. 23%)United Kingdom7.8 kt (est. 9%)United States7.2 kt (est. 9%)Algeria1.9 kt (est. 2%)Brazil0.2 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria0.2 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.3 kt (est. <1%)Latvia: no refinery9.0 kt (11%)Kazakhstan: no crude data2.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania46 kt (55%)Finland25 kt (30%)Latvia9.0 kt (11%)Kazakhstan2.0 kt (2%)Netherlands2.0 kt (2%)Estonia: road diesel supply84 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania
- Finland
- Latvia
- Netherlands
- Kazakhstan
- Norway36 kt (est. 43%)
- Saudi Arabia19 kt (est. 23%)
- United Kingdom7.8 kt (est. 9%)
- United States7.2 kt (est. 9%)
- Algeria1.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Brazil0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Nigeria0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Latvia: no refinery9.0 kt (11%)
- Kazakhstan: no crude data2.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Feb 2024)
9.0 thousand tonnes
11% of Estonia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Latvia: no refinery9.0 kt (100%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Estonia: road diesel supply | 46,000 | 54.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia: road diesel supply | 25,000 | 29.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Latvia | Estonia: road diesel supply | 9,000 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kazakhstan | Estonia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland | 20,254 | 81.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 18,901 | 41.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 15,669 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Latvia: no refinery | Latvia | 9,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United States | Lithuania | 5,700 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 3,827 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 3,810 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan: no crude data | Kazakhstan | 2,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 1,920 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 919 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 574 | 28.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 335 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 308 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 175 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 174 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 166 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 124 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 120 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 24 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Estonia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Latvia: no refinery (9,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Kazakhstan: no crude data (2,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (120 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.