Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Estonia's jet fuel supply was 13 kt, all of it imported, from Lithuania (46%), Belgium (31%) and the Netherlands (23%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (27%), Norway (23%) and the United States (12%), and 5% cannot be traced.
Country
Month
Apr 2024
Latest month that can be drawn
| 2026 | |
|---|---|
| 2025 | |
| 2024 | |
| 2023 |
Saudi Arabia3.5 kt (est. 27%)Norway2.9 kt (est. 23%)United States1.5 kt (est. 12%)United Kingdom1.2 kt (est. 9%)Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. 7%)Algeria0.5 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria0.4 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins1.5 kt (est. 11%)Belgium: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (3%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania6.0 kt (46%)Belgium4.0 kt (31%)Netherlands3.0 kt (23%)Estonia: jet fuel supply13 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Saudi Arabia3.5 kt (est. 27%)
- Norway2.9 kt (est. 23%)
- United States1.5 kt (est. 12%)
- United Kingdom1.2 kt (est. 9%)
- Kazakhstan0.9 kt (est. 7%)
- Algeria0.5 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria0.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins1.5 kt (est. 11%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (3%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Estonia: jet fuel supply | 6,000 | 46.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Estonia: jet fuel supply | 4,000 | 30.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia: jet fuel supply | 3,000 | 23.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 2,711 | 45.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 1,947 | 32.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 946 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 817 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 805 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 726 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 576 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 536 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 516 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 514 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 468 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's jet fuel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 418 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 358 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 347 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 293 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 238 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 230 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 209 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 161 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 126 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 56 | 0.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Estonia’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (358 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (230 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (56 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.