Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2024, Estonia's petrol supply was 36 kt, all of it imported, from Sweden (61%) and Lithuania (39%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (52%), Saudi Arabia (15%) and the United Kingdom (12%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway19 kt (est. 52%)Saudi Arabia5.3 kt (est. 15%)United Kingdom4.2 kt (est. 12%)United States1.8 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria1.3 kt (est. 4%)Libya1.3 kt (est. 4%)Algeria0.5 kt (est. 1%)Denmark0.1 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (6%)Lithuania: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Sweden22 kt (61%)Lithuania14 kt (39%)Estonia: petrol supply36 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway19 kt (est. 52%)
- Saudi Arabia5.3 kt (est. 15%)
- United Kingdom4.2 kt (est. 12%)
- United States1.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria1.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya1.3 kt (est. 4%)
- Algeria0.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Denmark0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported2.2 kt (6%)
- Lithuania: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden | Estonia: petrol supply | 22,000 | 61.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Estonia: petrol supply | 14,000 | 38.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden | 14,819 | 67.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Estonia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 5,267 | 37.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 3,965 | 28.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 2,702 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 2,233 | 10.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1,453 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Estonia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 1,281 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Estonia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 1,281 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Estonia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 1,094 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 686 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Estonia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 499 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Lithuania: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 471 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Denmark | Sweden | 127 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Estonia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-07 to 2024-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 119 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Estonia’s supply of petrol in 2024-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-07 to 2024-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (2,233 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Lithuania: crude not from imports (471 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (119 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.