Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Estonia's petrol supply was 24 kt, all of it imported, from Lithuania (56%), France (31%) and Finland (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (33%), Saudi Arabia (18%) and Algeria (11%), and 1% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway8.0 kt (est. 33%)Saudi Arabia4.3 kt (est. 18%)Algeria2.7 kt (est. 11%)United States2.3 kt (est. 9%)United Kingdom2.1 kt (est. 9%)Kazakhstan1.0 kt (est. 4%)Libya1.0 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins2.4 kt (est. 10%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania14 kt (56%)France7.5 kt (31%)Finland3.0 kt (13%)Estonia: petrol supply24 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway8.0 kt (est. 33%)
- Saudi Arabia4.3 kt (est. 18%)
- Algeria2.7 kt (est. 11%)
- United States2.3 kt (est. 9%)
- United Kingdom2.1 kt (est. 9%)
- Kazakhstan1.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya1.0 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins2.4 kt (est. 10%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Estonia: petrol supply | 13,500 | 56.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| France | Estonia: petrol supply | 7,500 | 31.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia: petrol supply | 3,000 | 12.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Lithuania | 5,298 | 39.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 3,933 | 29.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 2,173 | 72.4% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | France | 2,151 | 28.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Estonia split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 2,046 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 2,014 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 1,647 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Estonia split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 996 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Estonia split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France | 955 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Estonia split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France | 672 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Estonia split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 608 | 20.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | France | 544 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Estonia split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | France | 353 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Estonia split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 219 | 7.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 209 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 124 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | France | 58 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to Estonia split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Estonia’s supply of petrol in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (209 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (124 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.