Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Estonia's road diesel supply was 65 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (60%), Belgium (27%) and Finland (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (31%), Saudi Arabia (27%) and the United Kingdom (10%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway20 kt (est. 31%)Saudi Arabia18 kt (est. 27%)United Kingdom6.3 kt (est. 10%)Algeria4.8 kt (est. 7%)United States3.8 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan3.3 kt (est. 5%)Guyana1.7 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins5.2 kt (est. 8%)Belgium: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (2%)Denmark: crude not from imports0.7 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania39 kt (60%)Belgium17 kt (27%)Finland4.5 kt (7%)Denmark2.7 kt (4%)Netherlands1.5 kt (2%)Estonia: road diesel supply65 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania
- Belgium
- Finland
- Denmark
- Netherlands
- Norway20 kt (est. 31%)
- Saudi Arabia18 kt (est. 27%)
- United Kingdom6.3 kt (est. 10%)
- Algeria4.8 kt (est. 7%)
- United States3.8 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan3.3 kt (est. 5%)
- Guyana1.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins5.2 kt (est. 8%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported1.2 kt (2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports0.7 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Estonia: road diesel supply | 39,000 | 60.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Estonia: road diesel supply | 17,300 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Estonia: road diesel supply | 4,500 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Estonia: road diesel supply | 2,700 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Estonia: road diesel supply | 1,500 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 17,725 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 11,215 | 28.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 5,256 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 4,804 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Estonia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 4,668 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 4,254 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 3,364 | 74.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 3,038 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 2,374 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 1,513 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 1,156 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Denmark | 970 | 35.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Estonia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 921 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Estonia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 740 | 27.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 545 | 12.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 398 | 26.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 335 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 285 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Estonia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 269 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Finland | 234 | 5.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 220 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 201 | 4.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 156 | 3.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Estonia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 128 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Estonia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 97 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 68 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Estonia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 54 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceLowMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · low
Provenance
Inferred · lowLow- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · low
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Estonia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (1,156 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (740 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (98 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (65 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.