Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, Finland's petrol supply was 111 kt: 16% from its own refineries, with imports from Sweden (50%) and Lithuania (33%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (48%), Saudi Arabia (16%) and the United Kingdom (12%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway53 kt (est. 48%)Saudi Arabia18 kt (est. 16%)United Kingdom14 kt (est. 12%)United States13 kt (est. 11%)Algeria5.6 kt (est. 5%)Libya3.6 kt (est. 3%)Côte d’Ivoire0.8 kt (est. <1%)Nigeria0.7 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported3.1 kt (3%)Finland (own refineries)18 kt (16%)Sweden56 kt (50%)Lithuania37 kt (33%)Finland: petrol supply111 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden
- Lithuania
- Finland (own refineries)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden | Finland: petrol supply | 56,000 | 50.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Finland: petrol supply | 37,000 | 33.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland (own refineries) | Finland: petrol supply | 18,000 | 16.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden | 30,082 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 17,748 | 48.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Finland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland (own refineries) | 15,356 | 85.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Sweden | 11,102 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 7,779 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Finland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 6,592 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 5,581 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Finland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 4,399 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Finland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 3,608 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 3,130 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Finland (own refineries) | 2,644 | 14.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Lithuania | 1,492 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Finland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Côte d’Ivoire | Sweden | 760 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 726 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Finland’s supply of petrol in 2024-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-03 to 2024-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (3,130 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.