Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Finland's petrol supply was 378 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (15%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (61%), the United Kingdom (16%) and the United States (12%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway230 kt (est. 61%)United Kingdom60 kt (est. 16%)United States47 kt (est. 12%)Guyana16 kt (est. 4%)Denmark13 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria2.2 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.3 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported9.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Finland (own refineries)320 kt (85%)Sweden57 kt (15%)Belgium1.0 kt (<1%)Finland: petrol supply378 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Finland (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Belgium
- Norway230 kt (est. 61%)
- United Kingdom60 kt (est. 16%)
- United States47 kt (est. 12%)
- Guyana16 kt (est. 4%)
- Denmark13 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria2.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported9.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland (own refineries) | Finland: petrol supply | 320,000 | 84.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Finland: petrol supply | 57,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Finland: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland (own refineries) | 195,359 | 61.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Finland (own refineries) | 55,023 | 17.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Finland (own refineries) | 41,161 | 12.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Sweden | 34,069 | 59.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Finland (own refineries) | 16,061 | 5.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Finland (own refineries) | 12,395 | 3.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 9,143 | 16.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Sweden | 5,654 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 5,044 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 2,206 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 590 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 301 | 30.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Sweden | 295 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 208 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 154 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 112 | 11.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 98 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 89 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 32 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 7 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Finland’s supply of petrol in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (9,143 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (597 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (112 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.