Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Finland's petrol supply was 390 kt: 85% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Sweden (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (77%), the United Kingdom (13%) and the United States (6%), and 3% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway301 kt (est. 77%)United Kingdom51 kt (est. 13%)United States22 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria2.0 kt (est. <1%)Libya1.2 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.4 kt (est. <1%)Democratic Republic of the Congo0.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)Sweden: crude origin not reported11 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Finland (own refineries)333 kt (85%)Sweden52 kt (13%)Belgium5.0 kt (1%)Finland: petrol supply390 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Finland (own refineries)
- Sweden
- Belgium
- Norway301 kt (est. 77%)
- United Kingdom51 kt (est. 13%)
- United States22 kt (est. 6%)
- Nigeria2.0 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya1.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins1.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Sweden: crude origin not reported11 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland (own refineries) | Finland: petrol supply | 333,000 | 85.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Finland: petrol supply | 52,000 | 13.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Finland: petrol supply | 5,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland (own refineries) | 274,421 | 82.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland (own refineries) | 44,029 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 25,520 | 49.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland (own refineries) | 14,550 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 11,019 | 21.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 6,150 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 6,145 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 1,882 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,087 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 1,033 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,021 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,019 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 458 | 9.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 416 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 392 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium | 315 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 252 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 181 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 73 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to Finland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 39 | 0.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Finland’s supply of petrol in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (11,019 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (458 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (39 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.