Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2025, Finland's petrol supply was 397 kt: 88% from its own refineries, with imports from Sweden (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (86%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway342 kt (est. 86%)United Kingdom30 kt (est. 7%)United States4.3 kt (est. 1%)Guyana4.0 kt (est. 1%)Nigeria1.3 kt (est. <1%)Libya0.9 kt (est. <1%)Denmark0.5 kt (est. <1%)Finland: crude origin not reported7.7 kt (2%)Sweden: crude origin not reported6.9 kt (2%)Finland (own refineries)351 kt (88%)Sweden46 kt (12%)Finland: petrol supply397 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Finland (own refineries)
- Sweden
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland (own refineries) | Finland: petrol supply | 351,000 | 88.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Sweden | Finland: petrol supply | 46,000 | 11.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland (own refineries) | 317,209 | 90.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland (own refineries) | 26,047 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's petrol to Finland split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 24,573 | 53.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Finland: crude origin not reported | Finland (own refineries) | 7,744 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Sweden: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 6,856 | 14.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Sweden | 4,264 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 3,972 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 3,624 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 1,318 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 898 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Sweden | 494 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Finland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-11 to 2025-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Finland’s supply of petrol in 2025-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-11 to 2025-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Finland: crude origin not reported (7,744 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Sweden: crude origin not reported (6,856 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.