Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, France's jet fuel supply was 726 kt: 32% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from India (17%), Oman (13%) and the United Arab Emirates (13%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (8%), and 63% cannot be traced.
Country
United States60 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan35 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria33 kt (est. 4%)Algeria27 kt (est. 4%)Angola20 kt (est. 3%)Libya19 kt (est. 3%)Norway16 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins59 kt (est. 8%)India: no crude data120 kt (17%)Oman: no crude data98 kt (13%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data95 kt (13%)Kuwait: no crude data92 kt (13%)United States: no crude data19 kt (3%)Singapore: no crude data12 kt (2%)Trinidad and Tobago: no crude data8.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.0 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)231 kt (32%)India120 kt (17%)Oman98 kt (13%)United Arab Emirates95 kt (13%)Kuwait92 kt (13%)Netherlands34 kt (5%)United States19 kt (3%)Singapore12 kt (2%)Trinidad and Tobago8.0 kt (1%)Belgium7.0 kt (<1%)Other suppliers9.0 kt (1%)Imports, origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)France: jet fuel supply726 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- India
- Oman
- United Arab Emirates
- Kuwait
- Netherlands
- United States
- Singapore
- Other (5)
- United States60 kt (est. 8%)
- Kazakhstan35 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria33 kt (est. 4%)
- Algeria27 kt (est. 4%)
- Angola20 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya19 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway16 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins59 kt (est. 8%)
- India: no crude data120 kt (17%)
- Oman: no crude data98 kt (13%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data95 kt (13%)
- Kuwait: no crude data92 kt (13%)
- United States: no crude data19 kt (3%)
- Singapore: no crude data12 kt (2%)
- Trinidad and Tobago: no crude data8.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports6.0 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: jet fuel supply | 231,000 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| India | France: jet fuel supply | 120,000 | 16.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Oman | France: jet fuel supply | 98,000 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France: jet fuel supply | 95,000 | 13.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France: jet fuel supply | 92,000 | 12.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France: jet fuel supply | 34,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France: jet fuel supply | 19,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: jet fuel supply | 12,000 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | France: jet fuel supply | 9,000 | 1.2% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Trinidad and Tobago | France: jet fuel supply | 8,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France: jet fuel supply | 7,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | France: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| India: no crude data | India | 120,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Oman: no crude data | Oman | 98,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 95,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 92,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | France (own refineries) | 46,875 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 43,726 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 32,876 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 26,906 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 26,206 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 19,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | France (own refineries) | 17,972 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | France (own refineries) | 17,540 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 12,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 10,286 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 10,170 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 9,647 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Trinidad and Tobago: no crude data | Trinidad and Tobago | 8,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France (own refineries) | 4,900 | 2.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 4,144 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 4,130 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 3,829 | 1.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 3,478 | 67.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 2,029 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,964 | 28.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 1,605 | 38.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,413 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,354 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Netherlands | 1,055 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,012 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 955 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 797 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 772 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 683 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Other suppliers | 663 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 640 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Belgium | 637 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Other suppliers | 625 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 529 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 485 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 399 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Other suppliers | 379 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 183 | 6.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 125 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Belgium | 9 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- India: no crude data (120,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Oman: no crude data (98,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (95,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Kuwait: no crude data (92,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (19,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (12,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Trinidad and Tobago: no crude data (8,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (6,526 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (5,980 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.