Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, France's jet fuel supply was 708 kt: 41% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Arab Emirates (27%), China (7%) and Kuwait (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (9%), Kazakhstan (7%) and Nigeria (6%), and 59% cannot be traced.
Country
United States61 kt (est. 9%)Kazakhstan47 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria42 kt (est. 6%)Algeria29 kt (est. 4%)Libya20 kt (est. 3%)Iraq19 kt (est. 3%)Norway19 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins55 kt (est. 8%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data188 kt (27%)China: no crude data50 kt (7%)Kuwait: no crude data41 kt (6%)India: no crude data33 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data31 kt (4%)Egypt: no crude data30 kt (4%)Singapore: no crude data18 kt (3%)United States: no crude data11 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported7.4 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data6.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)291 kt (41%)United Arab Emirates188 kt (27%)China50 kt (7%)Kuwait41 kt (6%)India33 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia31 kt (4%)Egypt30 kt (4%)Singapore18 kt (3%)United States11 kt (2%)Trinidad and Tobago6.0 kt (<1%)Other suppliers9.0 kt (1%)France: jet fuel supply708 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- United Arab Emirates
- China
- Kuwait
- India
- Saudi Arabia
- Egypt
- Singapore
- Other (4)
- United States61 kt (est. 9%)
- Kazakhstan47 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria42 kt (est. 6%)
- Algeria29 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya20 kt (est. 3%)
- Iraq19 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway19 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins55 kt (est. 8%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data188 kt (27%)
- China: no crude data50 kt (7%)
- Kuwait: no crude data41 kt (6%)
- India: no crude data33 kt (5%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data31 kt (4%)
- Egypt: no crude data30 kt (4%)
- Singapore: no crude data18 kt (3%)
- United States: no crude data11 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported7.4 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data6.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: jet fuel supply | 291,000 | 41.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Arab Emirates | France: jet fuel supply | 188,000 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France: jet fuel supply | 50,000 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France: jet fuel supply | 41,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France: jet fuel supply | 33,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France: jet fuel supply | 31,000 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | France: jet fuel supply | 30,000 | 4.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: jet fuel supply | 18,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France: jet fuel supply | 11,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | France: jet fuel supply | 9,000 | 1.3% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Trinidad and Tobago | France: jet fuel supply | 6,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 188,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | France (own refineries) | 59,842 | 20.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 51,863 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| China: no crude data | China | 50,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 46,226 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 41,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 40,791 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| India: no crude data | India | 33,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 31,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 30,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 28,302 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France (own refineries) | 19,167 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France (own refineries) | 18,618 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 18,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 17,837 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 11,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 7,025 | 2.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Trinidad and Tobago | 6,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 3,323 | 70.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 1,598 | 35.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France (own refineries) | 1,330 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Other suppliers | 930 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 816 | 20.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 715 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 652 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 424 | 10.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Algeria | Other suppliers | 298 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Other suppliers | 148 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 99 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-01 to 2024-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (188,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- China: no crude data (50,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Kuwait: no crude data (41,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- India: no crude data (33,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (31,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Egypt: no crude data (30,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (18,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (11,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (7,449 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (6,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,428 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.