Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, France's petrol supply was 942 kt: 65% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Belgium (17%) and the Netherlands (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (19%), Kazakhstan (14%) and Nigeria (13%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
United States178 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan132 kt (est. 14%)Nigeria118 kt (est. 13%)Norway85 kt (est. 9%)Algeria59 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia56 kt (est. 6%)Libya52 kt (est. 5%)Other crude origins195 kt (est. 21%)United States: no crude data21 kt (2%)Belgium: crude origin not reported15 kt (2%)France: crude origin not reported11 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data7.0 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown3.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)614 kt (65%)Belgium163 kt (17%)Netherlands83 kt (9%)Spain26 kt (3%)Germany24 kt (3%)United States21 kt (2%)Singapore4.0 kt (<1%)United Arab Emirates3.0 kt (<1%)Sweden1.0 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported3.0 kt (<1%)France: petrol supply942 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Germany
- United States
- Singapore
- United Arab Emirates
- Other (2)
- United States178 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan132 kt (est. 14%)
- Nigeria118 kt (est. 13%)
- Norway85 kt (est. 9%)
- Algeria59 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia56 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya52 kt (est. 5%)
- Other crude origins195 kt (est. 21%)
- United States: no crude data21 kt (2%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported15 kt (2%)
- France: crude origin not reported11 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data7.0 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown3.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: petrol supply | 614,000 | 65.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Belgium | France: petrol supply | 163,000 | 17.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France: petrol supply | 83,000 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France: petrol supply | 26,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France: petrol supply | 24,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France: petrol supply | 21,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: petrol supply | 4,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France: petrol supply | 3,000 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | France: petrol supply | 3,000 | 0.3% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Sweden | France: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | France (own refineries) | 117,155 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 114,616 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 99,558 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 96,901 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 57,337 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France (own refineries) | 47,889 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 44,405 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 43,679 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 29,566 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | France (own refineries) | 24,978 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 23,466 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 22,279 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 21,028 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 21,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 20,962 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 20,620 | 24.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 14,594 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 11,552 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| France: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 11,160 | 1.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 10,933 | 42.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 9,705 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 9,605 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 8,116 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 6,366 | 7.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 5,232 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 4,510 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 4,462 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 4,450 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 4,412 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Singapore | 4,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 3,453 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 3,345 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 3,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 3,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 2,362 | 9.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,876 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Spain | 1,738 | 6.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Spain | 1,646 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Spain | 1,386 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 1,257 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 905 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Spain | 671 | 2.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 578 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 542 | 54.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Spain | 513 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 475 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 256 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Sweden | 169 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 157 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 57 | 5.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Sweden | 49 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 27 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of petrol in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (21,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (14,594 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- France: crude origin not reported (11,160 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (9,456 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (7,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (3,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (256 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Imports, origin not reported (3,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.