Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2024, France's jet fuel supply was 931 kt: 38% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Kuwait (24%), India (14%) and the United Arab Emirates (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (8%), and 63% cannot be traced.
Country
United States71 kt (est. 8%)Kazakhstan46 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria38 kt (est. 4%)Algeria35 kt (est. 4%)Libya33 kt (est. 4%)Norway30 kt (est. 3%)Angola25 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins64 kt (est. 7%)Kuwait: no crude data223 kt (24%)India: no crude data132 kt (14%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data65 kt (7%)Nigeria: no crude data58 kt (6%)Oman: no crude data38 kt (4%)South Korea: no crude data29 kt (3%)Singapore: no crude data19 kt (2%)France: crude origin not reported12 kt (1%)France: crude not from imports11 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)352 kt (38%)Kuwait223 kt (24%)India132 kt (14%)United Arab Emirates65 kt (7%)Nigeria58 kt (6%)Oman38 kt (4%)South Korea29 kt (3%)Singapore19 kt (2%)Netherlands5.0 kt (<1%)Spain5.0 kt (<1%)Other suppliers5.0 kt (<1%)France: jet fuel supply931 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- Kuwait
- India
- United Arab Emirates
- Nigeria
- Oman
- South Korea
- Singapore
- Other (4)
- United States71 kt (est. 8%)
- Kazakhstan46 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria38 kt (est. 4%)
- Algeria35 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya33 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway30 kt (est. 3%)
- Angola25 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins64 kt (est. 7%)
- Kuwait: no crude data223 kt (24%)
- India: no crude data132 kt (14%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data65 kt (7%)
- Nigeria: no crude data58 kt (6%)
- Oman: no crude data38 kt (4%)
- South Korea: no crude data29 kt (3%)
- Singapore: no crude data19 kt (2%)
- France: crude origin not reported12 kt (1%)
- France: crude not from imports11 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: jet fuel supply | 352,000 | 37.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Kuwait | France: jet fuel supply | 223,000 | 24.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France: jet fuel supply | 132,000 | 14.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France: jet fuel supply | 65,000 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France: jet fuel supply | 58,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Oman | France: jet fuel supply | 38,000 | 4.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| South Korea | France: jet fuel supply | 29,000 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: jet fuel supply | 19,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France: jet fuel supply | 5,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France: jet fuel supply | 5,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | France: jet fuel supply | 5,000 | 0.5% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 223,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| India: no crude data | India | 132,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | France (own refineries) | 68,430 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 65,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 59,033 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria: no crude data | Nigeria | 58,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 45,017 | 12.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Oman: no crude data | Oman | 38,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 37,267 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 34,554 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France (own refineries) | 32,455 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| South Korea: no crude data | South Korea | 29,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 27,772 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | France (own refineries) | 24,382 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 19,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| France: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 11,755 | 3.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| France: crude not from imports | France (own refineries) | 11,335 | 3.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 2,170 | 43.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's jet fuel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,748 | 35.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,156 | 23.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 960 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 842 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's jet fuel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 813 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 779 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 696 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 602 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 564 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 486 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's jet fuel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 448 | 9.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Angola | Spain | 413 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's jet fuel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 380 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 318 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Spain | 298 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's jet fuel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Spain | 297 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's jet fuel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 232 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 185 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's jet fuel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Spain | 171 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's jet fuel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Spain | 139 | 2.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Other suppliers | 104 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 97 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Other suppliers | 69 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Netherlands | 34 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-04 to 2024-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of jet fuel in 2024-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-04 to 2024-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Kuwait: no crude data (223,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- India: no crude data (132,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (65,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Nigeria: no crude data (58,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Oman: no crude data (38,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- South Korea: no crude data (29,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (19,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- France: crude origin not reported (11,755 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- France: crude not from imports (11,335 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (904 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (97 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.