Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, France's petrol supply was 944 kt: 82% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (23%), Iraq (11%) and Nigeria (10%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
United States213 kt (est. 23%)Iraq107 kt (est. 11%)Nigeria97 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan92 kt (est. 10%)Norway85 kt (est. 9%)Algeria72 kt (est. 8%)Libya40 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins157 kt (est. 17%)France: crude origin not reported34 kt (4%)United States: no crude data22 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported12 kt (1%)Singapore: no crude data10 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.6 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)772 kt (82%)Netherlands90 kt (10%)Spain22 kt (2%)Belgium22 kt (2%)United States22 kt (2%)Singapore10 kt (1%)Germany4.0 kt (<1%)Sweden1.0 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)France: petrol supply944 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- United States
- Singapore
- Germany
- Sweden
- Other (1)
- United States213 kt (est. 23%)
- Iraq107 kt (est. 11%)
- Nigeria97 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan92 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway85 kt (est. 9%)
- Algeria72 kt (est. 8%)
- Libya40 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins157 kt (est. 17%)
- France: crude origin not reported34 kt (4%)
- United States: no crude data22 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported12 kt (1%)
- Singapore: no crude data10 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.6 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: petrol supply | 772,000 | 81.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | France: petrol supply | 90,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France: petrol supply | 22,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France: petrol supply | 22,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France: petrol supply | 22,000 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: petrol supply | 10,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France: petrol supply | 4,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | France: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | France (own refineries) | 185,226 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 115,839 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France (own refineries) | 96,921 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 89,730 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 78,263 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 71,589 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 61,936 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France (own refineries) | 37,317 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| France: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 34,207 | 4.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 22,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 21,915 | 24.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 20,653 | 22.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 16,126 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 11,964 | 54.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 10,321 | 11.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 10,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 8,502 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 7,443 | 8.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 5,972 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 5,133 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 3,760 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 3,347 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 3,180 | 14.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Belgium | 2,735 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 2,375 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 1,615 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,362 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 1,281 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Spain | 1,058 | 4.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Spain | 1,032 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France (own refineries) | 972 | 0.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 960 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 919 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 869 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 853 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Spain | 706 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 668 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 620 | 62.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Spain | 586 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 535 | 13.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Spain | 511 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Spain | 326 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's petrol to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 291 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 281 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 265 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 219 | 5.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Sweden | 134 | 13.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 105 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 83 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 82 | 2.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 75 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 46 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 39 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 26 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 23 | 2.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of petrol in 2024-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-08 to 2024-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- France: crude origin not reported (34,207 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- United States: no crude data (22,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (12,035 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Singapore: no crude data (10,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,588 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Imports, origin not reported (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.