Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, France's jet fuel supply was 617 kt: 59% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Bahrain (9%), the United Arab Emirates (8%) and Nigeria (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (17%), Nigeria (7%) and Kazakhstan (7%), and 40% cannot be traced.
Country
United States103 kt (est. 17%)Nigeria44 kt (est. 7%)Kazakhstan43 kt (est. 7%)Norway40 kt (est. 7%)Algeria36 kt (est. 6%)Iraq25 kt (est. 4%)Libya24 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins55 kt (est. 9%)Bahrain: no crude data57 kt (9%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data49 kt (8%)Nigeria: no crude data45 kt (7%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data42 kt (7%)Singapore: no crude data16 kt (3%)United States: no crude data13 kt (2%)France: crude not from imports11 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data8.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported4.2 kt (<1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)367 kt (59%)Bahrain57 kt (9%)United Arab Emirates49 kt (8%)Nigeria45 kt (7%)Saudi Arabia42 kt (7%)Singapore16 kt (3%)United States13 kt (2%)Netherlands9.0 kt (1%)Belgium6.0 kt (<1%)China6.0 kt (<1%)Other suppliers6.0 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)France: jet fuel supply617 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- Bahrain
- United Arab Emirates
- Nigeria
- Saudi Arabia
- Singapore
- United States
- Netherlands
- Other (6)
- United States103 kt (est. 17%)
- Nigeria44 kt (est. 7%)
- Kazakhstan43 kt (est. 7%)
- Norway40 kt (est. 7%)
- Algeria36 kt (est. 6%)
- Iraq25 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya24 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins55 kt (est. 9%)
- Bahrain: no crude data57 kt (9%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data49 kt (8%)
- Nigeria: no crude data45 kt (7%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data42 kt (7%)
- Singapore: no crude data16 kt (3%)
- United States: no crude data13 kt (2%)
- France: crude not from imports11 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data8.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported4.2 kt (<1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: jet fuel supply | 367,000 | 59.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Bahrain | France: jet fuel supply | 57,000 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | France: jet fuel supply | 49,000 | 7.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France: jet fuel supply | 45,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France: jet fuel supply | 42,000 | 6.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: jet fuel supply | 16,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France: jet fuel supply | 13,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France: jet fuel supply | 9,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France: jet fuel supply | 6,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France: jet fuel supply | 6,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | France: jet fuel supply | 6,000 | 1.0% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Imports, origin not reported | France: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 0.2% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | France (own refineries) | 98,879 | 26.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Bahrain: no crude data | Bahrain | 57,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 49,836 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 49,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria: no crude data | Nigeria | 45,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 42,553 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 42,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 41,319 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 36,562 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 35,945 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France (own refineries) | 23,905 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France (own refineries) | 23,141 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 16,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 13,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| France: crude not from imports | France (own refineries) | 11,306 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | China | 6,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 3,553 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Netherlands | 2,325 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 2,047 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 2,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,791 | 29.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 1,764 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,719 | 28.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 1,373 | 68.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,246 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 961 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 798 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 682 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 595 | 29.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 503 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 470 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 448 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 411 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 405 | 20.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 366 | 18.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Other suppliers | 326 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Other suppliers | 172 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Other suppliers | 152 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's jet fuel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 150 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 132 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 98 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 33 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's jet fuel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 30 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Bahrain: no crude data (57,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (49,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Nigeria: no crude data (45,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (42,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (16,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (13,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- France: crude not from imports (11,306 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (8,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (4,188 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (30 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Imports, origin not reported (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.