Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, France's petrol supply was 805 kt: 93% from its own refineries; tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (26%), Nigeria (11%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
United States211 kt (est. 26%)Nigeria89 kt (est. 11%)Kazakhstan88 kt (est. 11%)Norway82 kt (est. 10%)Algeria73 kt (est. 9%)Iraq52 kt (est. 6%)Libya48 kt (est. 6%)Other crude origins110 kt (est. 14%)France: crude not from imports23 kt (3%)Smaller flows: no crude data20 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.0 kt (1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)749 kt (93%)Netherlands30 kt (4%)United States8.0 kt (<1%)Singapore5.0 kt (<1%)Belgium4.0 kt (<1%)Brunei4.0 kt (<1%)China1.0 kt (<1%)Germany1.0 kt (<1%)Japan1.0 kt (<1%)Malaysia1.0 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)France: petrol supply805 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- United States
- Singapore
- Brunei
- Belgium
- China
- Japan
- Other (3)
- United States211 kt (est. 26%)
- Nigeria89 kt (est. 11%)
- Kazakhstan88 kt (est. 11%)
- Norway82 kt (est. 10%)
- Algeria73 kt (est. 9%)
- Iraq52 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya48 kt (est. 6%)
- Other crude origins110 kt (est. 14%)
- France: crude not from imports23 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data20 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.0 kt (1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: petrol supply | 749,000 | 93.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | France: petrol supply | 30,000 | 3.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France: petrol supply | 8,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: petrol supply | 5,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France: petrol supply | 4,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Brunei | France: petrol supply | 4,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Japan | France: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Malaysia | France: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | France: petrol supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | France (own refineries) | 201,799 | 26.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 101,709 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 86,845 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 84,328 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 74,618 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 73,360 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France (own refineries) | 48,787 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France (own refineries) | 47,228 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's petrol to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| France: crude not from imports | France (own refineries) | 23,075 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United States | 8,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 7,751 | 25.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 7,252 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 6,824 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 5,879 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Singapore | 5,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Brunei | 4,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 3,202 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 2,661 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,677 | 5.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 1,568 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,194 | 29.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,146 | 28.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | China | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Japan | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Malaysia | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Belgium | 831 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 455 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 328 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 274 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 213 | 21.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 173 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 158 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 155 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 152 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 111 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's petrol to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 100 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's petrol to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 66 | 6.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 29 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 23 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 15 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's petrol to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 15 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of petrol in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- France: crude not from imports (23,075 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (20,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (8,995 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (15 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Imports, origin not reported (1,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.