Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, France's jet fuel supply was 745 kt: 59% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Nigeria (22%) and the United States (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (17%), Kazakhstan (9%) and Nigeria (7%), and 40% cannot be traced.
Country
United States123 kt (est. 17%)Kazakhstan65 kt (est. 9%)Nigeria49 kt (est. 7%)Norway39 kt (est. 5%)Algeria37 kt (est. 5%)Iraq25 kt (est. 3%)Brazil24 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins89 kt (est. 12%)Nigeria: no crude data166 kt (22%)United States: no crude data64 kt (9%)China: no crude data21 kt (3%)Libya: no crude data15 kt (2%)Singapore: no crude data14 kt (2%)France: crude origin not reported9.1 kt (1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown5.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data1.0 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)440 kt (59%)Nigeria166 kt (22%)United States64 kt (9%)China21 kt (3%)Belgium19 kt (3%)Libya15 kt (2%)Singapore14 kt (2%)Bahrain1.0 kt (<1%)Imports, origin not reported5.0 kt (<1%)France: jet fuel supply745 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- Nigeria
- United States
- China
- Belgium
- Libya
- Singapore
- Bahrain
- Other (1)
- United States123 kt (est. 17%)
- Kazakhstan65 kt (est. 9%)
- Nigeria49 kt (est. 7%)
- Norway39 kt (est. 5%)
- Algeria37 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq25 kt (est. 3%)
- Brazil24 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins89 kt (est. 12%)
- Nigeria: no crude data166 kt (22%)
- United States: no crude data64 kt (9%)
- China: no crude data21 kt (3%)
- Libya: no crude data15 kt (2%)
- Singapore: no crude data14 kt (2%)
- France: crude origin not reported9.1 kt (1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown5.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data1.0 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: jet fuel supply | 440,000 | 59.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Nigeria | France: jet fuel supply | 166,000 | 22.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | France: jet fuel supply | 64,000 | 8.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | France: jet fuel supply | 21,000 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France: jet fuel supply | 19,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Libya | France: jet fuel supply | 15,000 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: jet fuel supply | 14,000 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | France: jet fuel supply | 5,000 | 0.7% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Bahrain | France: jet fuel supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nigeria: no crude data | Nigeria | 166,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | France (own refineries) | 120,293 | 27.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 84,346 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 64,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 62,496 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 47,100 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 37,000 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 31,669 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France (own refineries) | 24,444 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | France (own refineries) | 23,568 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's jet fuel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| China: no crude data | China | 21,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya: no crude data | Libya | 15,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 14,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| France: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 9,083 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Belgium | 7,330 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 5,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 4,582 | 24.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 2,884 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 2,113 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,435 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Bahrain | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 384 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 272 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's jet fuel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Nigeria: no crude data (166,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (64,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- China: no crude data (21,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Libya: no crude data (15,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (14,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- France: crude origin not reported (9,083 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (5,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Imports, origin not reported (5,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.