Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Germany's road diesel supply was 3,550 kt: 81% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (18%), the United States (16%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway652 kt (est. 18%)United States557 kt (est. 16%)Kazakhstan420 kt (est. 12%)United Kingdom362 kt (est. 10%)Guyana315 kt (est. 9%)Libya273 kt (est. 8%)Canada126 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins576 kt (est. 16%)Germany: crude not from imports138 kt (4%)United States: no crude data54 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data43 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported29 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.5 kt (<1%)Germany (own refineries)2.89 Mt (81%)Netherlands341 kt (10%)Belgium122 kt (3%)Sweden64 kt (2%)United States54 kt (2%)United Kingdom28 kt (<1%)Lithuania16 kt (<1%)Norway15 kt (<1%)Denmark14 kt (<1%)Czechia3.4 kt (<1%)Other suppliers1.6 kt (<1%)Germany: road diesel supply3.55 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Germany (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Sweden
- United States
- United Kingdom
- Lithuania
- Norway
- Other (6)
- Norway652 kt (est. 18%)
- United States557 kt (est. 16%)
- Kazakhstan420 kt (est. 12%)
- United Kingdom362 kt (est. 10%)
- Guyana315 kt (est. 9%)
- Libya273 kt (est. 8%)
- Canada126 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins576 kt (est. 16%)
- Germany: crude not from imports138 kt (4%)
- United States: no crude data54 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data43 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported29 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.5 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Apr 2026)
54.1 thousand tonnes
2% of Germany's road diesel supply
Unknown
Refined in
- United States54 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany (own refineries) | Germany: road diesel supply | 2,890,500 | 81.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Germany: road diesel supply | 340,629 | 9.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany: road diesel supply | 121,672 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Germany: road diesel supply | 64,178 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Germany: road diesel supply | 54,129 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Germany: road diesel supply | 27,859 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Germany: road diesel supply | 16,475 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Germany: road diesel supply | 15,213 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Germany: road diesel supply | 13,994 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Germany (own refineries) | 487,100 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany (own refineries) | 446,938 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany (own refineries) | 445,726 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany (own refineries) | 371,488 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany (own refineries) | 309,490 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany (own refineries) | 305,825 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany (own refineries) | 267,051 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany (own refineries) | 138,422 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Canada | Germany (own refineries) | 118,460 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Germany split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 91,641 | 26.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 74,116 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 68,937 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 54,129 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Belgium | 46,937 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 34,397 | 53.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 33,899 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 33,387 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 29,051 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 27,859 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 22,196 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 18,468 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 17,575 | 27.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Norway | 15,213 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 13,529 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 10,324 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Lithuania | 8,618 | 52.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Germany split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 7,172 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 6,864 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Netherlands | 6,005 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 5,967 | 36.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Germany split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 5,598 | 40.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Germany split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 3,593 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Germany split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 3,430 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Germany split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Denmark | 2,770 | 19.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 2,269 | 66.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Belgium | 2,003 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 1,883 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 1,854 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 1,482 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Germany split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 1,350 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Germany split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 1,297 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Germany split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 714 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Germany split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 706 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Germany split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 671 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Germany split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 563 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 517 | 113.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 513 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 388 | 65.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 369 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Germany split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 196 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 186 | 44.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 150 | 27.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 121 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Guyana | Other suppliers | 113 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Other suppliers | 66 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 37 | 5.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 27 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Other suppliers | 22 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Germany split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 7 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Germany’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Germany: crude not from imports (138,422 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United States: no crude data (54,129 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (43,193 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (29,058 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,517 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.